Jerusalem belongs to the History of Humanity. The Ancient City has been attacked 52 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, besieged 23 times and destroyed at least twice. The old city is traditionally divided into four quarters known as the Armenian, the Christian, the Jewish and the Muslim Quarters, and became in 1981 a World Heritage Site. An important fact is the end of the ottoman rule which started at 1517, with the Battle of Jerusalem in 1917. After four centuries of occupation, Jerusalem began its path of liberation. With the British Mandate, which started in fact after the Conference of Lausanne, we have a new era. But the status of Corpus Separatum in 1947 was not an efficient and robust solution. And the war of 1948 was predictable as well as the independence of Israel and the West Jerusalem became a reality. But this was not the end. Jordan took the control of the east and all the holy places therein. Jews were denied access to Jewish holy sites and many of them were desecrated or destroyed. Restrictions were imposed to Christian people and many left the old city. The Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery was desecrated and 38,000 graves were destroyed. In 1967 the Israel Defense Forces liberated East Jerusalem. Jewish and Christian access to holy sites inside the old walled city was restored. But still now Jerusalem is not an official capital. That’s why the duty remains.